Memory Loss And Cognitive Thinking Impairments Come With Age

Memory loss and cognitive thinking impairments come with age. Many adults begin to worry when something as simple as misplacing their car keys happens. Just because one begins to have miniscule mind gaffs, does not mean one will forget everything or end up with dementia. â€Å"Even beyond cancer, the biggest fear among Americans, based on some surveys, is that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease† (Factora 3). Scientists and doctors do not have definite proof of which factors cause age-related memory loss, but studies have shown common factors in patients suffering from memory loss. People researching this topic have found that the main, possible causes of memory loss include lifestyle choices, health deficiencies, and neurological†¦show more content†¦Alcohol and medication abuse are common factors found in many memory loss patients. â€Å"A little over five percent of people seeking help with memory loss have a history of alcohol abuse.† Al so, people who frequently take â€Å"sedatives, cimetidine, and antihypertensive agents have an increased chance of age-related memory loss† (Desmond 55). Getting the needed amount of sleep each night also affects the brain’s ability to recollect information. â€Å"Neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with OSA include seizures, acute delirium, deficits in motor function, global cognitive dysfunction, muscle and nerve weakness, short- and long-term memory loss, headaches, sleepiness, and fatigue† (Hirshkowitz 13). Some elderly people cannot handle the stress and hardships of this life which lead to depression. The elderly suffering from extreme depression, mixed with their already aging brains, will find it difficult to remember more things because of their self-conscious suppression of memories. Over time, this can cause not only short-term, but long-term memory loss. To prevent memory loss due to lifestyle one should eat healthy, exercise daily, get a full night’s rest, cleanse from alcohol and drug usage, and do things to bring peace to one’s life. Consequently, when one’s body lacks proper nutrients or the ability to produce the proper hormones, health problems occur. Certain health deficiencies

Essay on Tips of Science of Memory - 865 Words

Yumeng Ma Psyc-101 Writing Assignment 1 From the reading of chapter 6 â€Å"Tips from the Science of Memory—for Studying and for Life†, I learned the science of memory and how to make my memory more effective. The main idea in this section is about how to memorize scientifically. No matter what model of memory we use, we can sharpen your memory by thinking deeply about the â€Å"material† of life and connecting the information to other things we know. Perhaps the one most well connected node or most elaborate schema to which we can relate something is the self—what we know and think about ourselves. To make something meaningful and to secure its place in memory, we must make it matter to ourselves. There are three mnemonic strategies, Method†¦show more content†¦In fact, however, everyday life is filled with potentially remarkable moments—a beautiful sunrise, a delicious meal prepared just for you, an unexpected telephone call from an old friend. Experiencing everyday life in its richness requires us to be attentive and engaged. Sometimes the daily chores and hassles of life lead us to feel that we are just going through the motions. This sort of mindless living may be a way to survive, but it is unlikely to be a way to thrive. I find an article from Hilgard, Ernest R, Methods and procedures in the study of learning. In this article, he explained some fact about memory and study skill. Learning must be kept clear from other situations, which result in behavioral change. The author describes typical experiments used to investigate learning behavior and in further detail considers the following types: classical conditioned response, operant or instrumental conditioning, maze and discrimination experiments, motor skills, and memorization and retention. 195-item bibliography. (Hilgard, Ernest R, pp. 517-567) The reason I think this website is authoritative is because the author of this article is very famous psychologist in America and wrote tons of work. I find his article in psynet.org, which is a reliable website and it is very official. According to CRAAP test, .org means nonprofit organization, which isShow MoreRelatedMemory Is The Diary That We All Carry About With Us1354 Words   |  6 PagesOscar Wilde said that Memory... is the diary that we all carry about with us. Every page of our diary filled with a series of memories, but we wouldn t make a perfectly diary. Sometimes we lost pictures in the diary, sometimes we miss spell words; just like memories will become vague and pass out of mind. The process of memory includes Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval; those three parts correlate and restrict each other. 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Overnight, bits, and pieces of information are transferred from more tentative, short-term memory to stronger, long-term

Corporate strategies in Clarks and Dune-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate strategies in Clarks and Dune. Answer: Introduction Competition has made many enterprises to develop strategies to meet the needs of the market and survive the ever-changing market environment. Dune is one of most influential players in the footwear industry with over 20 years experience in the industry. The location of the company is strategic with its business being located in London. The growth of the retailer is attributed to passion and dedication to excellence in product development and in-house design that meets customer needs. From one outlet, the retailer has expanded to 40 standalone stores and 175 concessions. To meet the changing customer needs, it offers both online shopping and in store shopping for customers. Dune specializes in a sophisticated style that fits the younger generation with its wide range of designs that meet several needs of the consumer. However, the footwear environment is competitive with other existing giant retailers who specialize in offering different shoe types. SWOT analysis of the retailer reveals both opportunities and threats that the company can work on to improve its business operations. One opportunity that is noted is an increasingly growing brand and opportunity to venture into online shopping. These two opportunities can be utilized to create a framework that improves business processes and meets the needs of the company. On the other hand, threats are indicated in easy entry into the market due to low limitations and diversification by existing retailers. Since most organizations are diversifying their business operations, then clothing retailers can easily diversify into footwear thus creating a challenge for the market. The company is also struggling wi th low market share as a weakness compared to other retailers like Clarks who have a larger market share and dominance. This presents weaker returns due to intense competition. Weaker market share means, low brand identity which is a threat to business. However, an analysis of the footwear industry reveals that the companies have been forced to reconsider their options due to competition and pressure from the market(Kent, 2017). The two retailers have been chosen since they are not market leaders in the field but are doing well in meeting retail needs. This report analyses how corporate communication strategies can be used to improve business processes thus developing competitive advantage. Corporate strategies Corporate communications are a set of activities that are involved in managing internal and external communications of the organization. Most corporate communication strategies focus on stakeholders who are mainly customers as a way of ensuring that they meet the needs of the market. Dune as a retailer has been communicating with its customers through different corporate strategies that have been boosting business for quite some time. The major corporate communication areas are corporate personality, corporate identity, corporate image, corporate reputation and public relations. Corporate imaging describes the manner in which the products of a company are perceived in the public eye. Organizations seek to develop a positive image through branding strategies that communicate positively to customers (Sacconi 2004, p. 79). This strategy leads to development of a positive halo effect on the consumer which leads to an impression about what the company sales. The benefits of such processes is a changed perception on the eyes of the consumer when there is a perceived risk about the quality of the product (Aaker Myers 1999, p. 12). Dune is established on a continuous brand that seeks to offer premium customer service through a combination of quality and unique fashion. The products feature the needs of both men and women capturing the ever-changing needs of the society where brands have been evolving since 1895. The brand title for its products is find your dancing feet which means that they have a brand value that meets the needs of every consumer within the busin ess environment (Dune 2017, pp. 5). The companys brand is loved because it is a key fashion setter with a distinctively British aesthetic style with a 120-year-old heritage that has made the brand a global household. However, Clarks has established itself on a distinctive ankle height boot with crepe rubber sole made of suede leather that was officially launched in 1950(Clarks, 2017). The heart of the rand is the belief in craft, innovation and comfort that are combined together to give the best customer experience which is defined as the force of nature. Therefore, each of the two companies has a unique brand identity that is identified by the customer. Corporate identity is a set of mental and functional associations that customers develop with it. This does not always lead to buying but rather familiarity and differentiation with others. Businesses seek to identify themselves in the eye of the consumer so that they can be striking to the user (Sweeney Brandon 2006, p. 642). Through noticeable elements like trademark, color, name and symbol, an organization develops an identify that differentiates its products from the rest of the designs in the market. Therefore the process involves a set of strategies that reveal what the business offers the consumer and how the consumer can use such defined elements to single out the product from the rest. Dune footwear brand identity is based on a Dune style for both men and ladies with a variety of footwear that are used for different functions. The designs are identified by color, name and shape which defines the occasion that they are fit for. For example, the Dune London style for ladies i s designed with its own handbag to make the user appear the Dune way. On the other hand, Clarks identity is known from the design of its shoes which is based on the study of biomechanics of the human foot, the way it moves at work, rest and play to design a shoe that meets all these conditions (Clarks 2017, p. 8). The company is known for its iconic footwear which undergoes improvement to meet the needs of the customer through 22,000 styles that are defined by generational evolutions to meet different user needs. Corporate reputation is the overall assessment of the organization by stakeholders. This method is achieved through perceptions of stakeholders on the ability of the business to meet their expectations. These stakeholders may have different interests in the company like buying products, shares or even beneficiaries of business processes (Keller 2003, P. 11). Organizations need to have the capacity to diagnose how others view them and configure a strategy for managing their reputation. Through identifying areas of potential risk, types of stakeholders in the business and establishing system for achieving the intended business reputation, the company can achieve these competitiveness by ensuring that the best mechanisms are put in place. Image repair theorists suggest that strategies can be used to restore the image after undergoing a crisis that threatens business. Dune has established itself as high-street footwear designer where you can find any shoe type. With a range of styles and color the companys products are established as a reputation for the best products in the market. On the other hand, Clarks has a business reputation that is recognized in the shoe industry through its operations and employee recruitment mechanisms. Through an extensive network and identifying quality staffs, the reputation of the company is known for the best employee practices that translate to improved operations. Dune manages its stakeholders through prioritizing their needs and ensuring that they are achieved at times. Suppliers needs are managed through ensuring that there is coordination with the system processes to achieve adequate delivery on time payment. Customers needs are met through delivery of quality products for individuals of all ages thus offering variety. The community is satisfied through corporate social responsibility initiatives that seek to empower and support different community engagements. On the other hand, the company adheres to all relevant policies like the green economy where the government has passed policies to limit global warming. Public relations is a practice of spreading and managing information through expoing it to different audiences. This process creates coverage for consumers for free to ensure that they undersntad things that happen around them (Lantos 2001, p. 599). Dune uses marketimg campaigns to increase public relations with the public through a varity of media like televisons, magazines, website and social media (Dune 2017, PP. 6). Emerging technology is used to meet consumer needs through user frindl platforms that allow interaction with the the public. However, Clarks does better through a clear PR plan that seesk to create goodwill (Clarks 2017, pp. 3). The company combines digital outreach with real world relationships through secure press placements across all media platforms. This strategy is where Clarks beats Dune since it has a clear aggressive public relations plan. Recommendations To improve its corporate communication strategies, the Dune needs to benchmark its practices with giant designers like Clark that have a history in the footwear industry. (Mahdi, et al. 2015, p. 170). For example, Clarks is investing heavily in technologies that meet the modern requirements like reduction of global warming and also ensuring that all their partners meet these needs (Parker 2016, p. 12). (Nike responsibility 2016, p. 11). The best way to improve brand image is through consistent visual identity, advertising and competitive pricing. Visual identity can be improved through developing a logo that reflects what the company exists for. Dune has not revised its logo for quite some time despite the fact that they understand the consumer segment is changing slowly (Goldman Papson 1998, p. 11). Further, there is need to develop strategies in their advertising to elicit brand emotions in the consumer. Clarks does well in this area through constant innovation of its brands and at the same time using the story of heroism as a brand strategy. The companys brand focus so much on the hero archetype to inspire customer loyalty (Sanusi, et al. 2014, pp. 7). Through clear branding strategies like the ones mentioned, the Dune can improve their brand and create a different view from the customer. Brand identity can be improved through clear positioning strategies. Since there are many competitors in the market, then Dune has to position itself with a strong brand identity that can stand out in the market. When compared with other brands that have positioned themselves as global leaders through creating shoes that increase athlete performance, then the company needs to address key brand areas. The brand is based on an inspirational value for every customer. This method is achieved through sharing the passion of clients and developing products that meet them. Bedbury Fenichell (2003, p. 12) suggests that through a well-established brand and logo, brand association is used to position the products as meeting the needs of the user rather than the fun part of it. Performance has been used together with heroism which describes the benefits that consumers get from the shoes (Willigan 1992, p. 5). Therefore, the company needs to carry out a thorough brand audit to ensure that they u nderstand the market they are dealing with and the changes being witnessed in the market. Thus there is need to develop a brand persona that can be used to messages to the consumer. Clear communication strategies like public relations, nature of content and the media to be used need to be developed to ensure that the companies create an improved brand image. High-performance marketing can be used to improve brand identity and increase customer reputation for the organization. Corporate reputation is an area that needs to be guarded through ensuring that all business processes meet the needs of stakeholder. Many companies like Nike have suffered business reputations but used them to achieve improved business processes that make them leaders of today. From the sweatshop issue, to child labor and later supply chain crisis Nike has undergone different business reputations that may have caused profits and brand image (Parker 2016, p. 11). The company endured that any challenges met were treated according to the required standards like cleaning up the system and implementing relevant regulations that are needed (Beder 2002, p. 25). Therefore, Dune can guard its business reputation by ensuring subscription to every required policy and develop sustainable business principles to meet the needs of the organization. Dune can work on its public relations strategies to ensure that there is a clear developed plan to reach out to its customers. This process can be achieved through utilizing all media sources like press releases, media kits, newsletters, reputation management, community relations, media relations and strategic communications. Further, participating in high end events can also create a better reputation for the company. Conclusion Corporate communication strategies seek to ensure that organizations develop strategies that protect their business image, meet the needs of stakeholders and at the same time satisfy the needs of the organization. Dune is doing well in the footwear industry but the business processes in the company cannot be compared to global leaders like Nike. Through proper benchmarking, business processes can be improved to ensure that the organizations achieve better business strategies. References Aaker, D. Myers, J., 1999. Advertising Management. New York: Prentice-Hall. Bedbury, S. Fenichell, S., 2003. A New Brand World: Eight Principles for Achieving Brand Leadership in the 21st Century. New York: Penguin Books.. Beder, S., 2002. Putting the Boot In. The Ecologist, 32(3), pp. 24-28. Clarks, 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility. [Online] Available at: https://apply.clarksjobs.com/headquarters/where_you_could_be_working/corporate_social_responsibility/ [Accessed 13 Decemer 2017]. Clarks, 2017. Our Story. [Online] Available at: https://www.clarks.com/ [Accessed 13 Decemeber 2017]. Clarks, 2017. Our Story. [Online] [Accessed 13 December 2017]. Dune, 2017. Our Corporate Social Responsibility. [Online] Available at: https://www.dunelondon.com/corporate-responsibility/ [Accessed 13 December 2017]. Dune, 2017. The Story So Far.... [Online] [Accessed 13 December 2017]. Goldman, R. Papson, S., 1998. Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers. Keller, K. L., 2003. Understanding brands, branding and brand equity. Interactive Marketing, 5(1), pp. 7-19. Kent, A., 2017. Clarks shoes feels the pinch as UK high street an increasingly uncomfortable fit for some retailers. Independent, 9 March. Lantos, G., 2001. The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(7), pp. 595-632. Mahdi, H. A. A., Abbas, M., Mazar, T. I. George, S., 2015. A Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike, Inc. and Adidas Group with special reference to Competitive Advantage in the context of a. nternational Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 6(3), pp. 167-177. Nikeresponsibility, 2016. NIKE SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY, s.l.: Nike. Parker, M., 2016. At Nike, we believe it is not enough to adapt to what the future may bring were creating the future we want to see through sustainable innovation, s.l.: Nike. Sacconi, L., 2004. A Social Contract Account for CSR as Extended Model of Corporate Governance (Part II): Compliance, Reputation and Reciprocity. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(2), pp. 77-96. Sanusi, M. et al., 2014. The Swoosh of Creativity. Business Today, 6 July. Sweeney, J. Brandon, C., 2006. Band personality: Exploring the potential to move from factor analytical to circumplex models. Psychology and Marketing, Volume 23, pp. 639-663. Willigan, G. E., 1992. High-Performance Marketing: An Interview with Nikes Phil Knight. Havard Business Review

Sweeten My Sour Days free essay sample

I’m an everlasting gobstopper. Impossible to crack but the longer you keep me around, the more I open myself up to you. Each layer revealing numerous emotions I express and insecurities I might hide. The challenge is if you’ll take the time to reach past my barrier, despite how difficult that task may be. Some have taken the risky route and tried to rush their way to figure me out, only ending up with bad results. Others just give up during the process and toss me aside. However, one individual had enough patience to figure out the real me. The memory of meeting her was quite vivid. Sitting in sixth grade English class, I was scribbling notes on my paper when the teacher called on a confused student. She spoke with a distinct accent and asked several questions. Her voice drew me in and after class ended, I told myself I would build up the courage to speak to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Sweeten My Sour Days or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The bell had rung and I nervously walked up, tapping her shoulder. Surprisingly enough, I wasn’t shy at all and immediately sparked up a conversation. â€Å"Where are you from?† I asked. To my shock, she was Polish and recently moved to the US. Not being able to hold my excitement, I told her I was also from Poland. That’s how it all came together. Iwona already shared the same ethnicity as me so our beliefs were very much in common. Knowing this, I could be more content around her. During the few years that flew by, I without doubt believed this girl was my twin. Having the same green eyes, blond hair, Zodiac signs, this was friendship was fate. We often took adventurous bike rides through the neighborhood and snapped thousands of pictures that soon would fill up our memory card. One day, a tall brick wall caught our attention. There wasn’t anything special about it, but it sure had a spectacular view of the city when you sat on top of the edge. Eventua lly, this became our secret friend zone that we visited often. Many memories were made here so it was decided that we write our names on the wall. â€Å"Friends Forever† it read. It was only a matter of time the marker would be washed away by rain but those words were marked permanently in our hearts. Over time, we hit bumpy roads and have taken the wrong path before like any normal human beings would do. Telephone calls would often be made at two o’clock with one of us crying about a temporary crush, or perhaps a hospital visit would be a shock when one of us got sick. So when I was diagnosed with Crohns disease during high school, both of us didn’t know how to take it all in. This only made Iwona go out and purchase the most gigantic teddy bear you could ever lay your eyes on. She gave me the best advice ever been given to me and with all but one word; Positivity. It will keep you steady especially when life throws a curveball at you. Green, Yellow, Orange. O ver time, several of my layers have disappeared and this was a very rare thing to happen. She has seen me through the ugly and the bad but still dealt with it in the long run. Constant fights about who’s right and bickering over who can do better than the other was typical for us. But when times were rough she helped me overcome so many obstacles I wouldn’t be able to achieve myself. During the time period when I was sick and getting back on my feet, her advice on positivity flashed back into my mind. There was no point in shrugging my shoulders and giving up on everything. I told myself to build a tougher exterior and bring more happiness into my life. My best friend believes in what I’m capable of which is the main reason why she’s still by my side after eight years. Being patient and taking her time, Iwona knows more about me than I do myself at times. She’s experienced every emotion I’ve given off and what my failures are yet has forgiv en me for them. She’s seen all my layers unlike many people I’ve met. Most people may not realize that sometimes you must get past the red layer to experience the yellow one. You must see me frustrated first before you see me being loud, and funny. It’s only fair that people see your bad side before they see the good one. Judgment could be keeping many others from meeting a genuine person. Don’t rush to reach the center of an everlasting gobstopper because once you make it to the core with patience, you’ll realize it was well worth the wait.

5 Steps to Finding Success on Your Job Hunt

5 Steps to Finding Success on Your Job Hunt Struggling to find a job? Starting to despair? Feel like you’re doing all of the right things, but still not getting results? It’s possible that you are doing all the right things. But there are a few extra tricks you could still try to give yourself a little edge and improve your prospects on the job hunt. 1. Restrain yourselfIf you’re obviously overqualified for a position, resist the temptation to send your resume in anyway. You’ll look desperate. You’ll feel desperate. And the employer will toss your resume at first glance. If it’s obvious to you; it’s obvious to them. They’ll be worried that you’ll leave for a better opportunity at the drop of a hat- and, let’s face it, they’re probably right.2. Future-fit your resumeDon’t make your resume a simple list of where you’ve been and what you’ve done. Target it for the job you’re looking for, not the ones you’ve had. And cra ft it individually for each position you apply for. Reframe your skills and experience to be a perfect fit. Describe your background and interests in terms this company will jump about. (When in doubt, study the job description and the company’s mission statement for clues.)3. Never assumeYou know what they say: to assume is to make an â€Å"a**† out of â€Å"u† and â€Å"me.† So don’t expect a recruiter or hiring manager to read between the lines of your resume. If you haven’t spelled it out as clearly and concisely as possible- enough to be noticed in a quick skim- then you’re assuming they’ll put more work into reviewing your application than they ever will.4. Branch outDon’t ignore a potential connection because you don’t think they’re directly in a position to help you. You never know who will be your next link to your big fish. Don’t underestimate or overlook anyone. The world is wide and the b roader your network, the better your odds.5. Don’t advertiseIt’s one thing to tell close circles of contacts and friends that you’re looking for a job. It’s another to broadcast it and have to conduct the rest of your search under the scrutiny of your entire social network. Instead, be savvy with your social media. Publicize any transition skill/new qualifications or certifications on LinkedIn. And start being a resource for current trends and information in your other feeds. If people start to see you as an asset, they might think of you spontaneously and come to you first with new opportunities.

Job Search Tips that Work Yes, They Worked for Me!

Job Search Tips that Work Yes, They Worked for Me! Many job search experts, including me, are out there giving tips about how to find jobs. I thought Id give you all some job search tips based on my own experience one that got me several interviews and a part-time job when I moved to a new city. In my search, I was open to accepting a part-time position as something steady and stable while I started my own business. Job Search Tips that Worked 1. Created multiple versions of my resume. One emphasizes my managerial experience; one emphasizes my legal experience; another emphasizes my writing and editing experience. For each job I was interested in, I made sure the keywords from that job description were in my resume! 2. Applied to a lot of jobs. Yes, even ones I thought I didnt want. Some of them turned out to be more interesting than I had expected. I also applied to jobs there was probably no way I would ever get. And I sent cover letters and resumes to places where I would want to work but where there were no available jobs advertised (including the University of Wisconsin Law School). Because you never know. 3. Wrote engaging, punchy cover letters. Each cover letter was custom tailored to the specific job I was applying for. It made a difference. I was offered several interviews in widely divergent fields. 4. Went on an informational interview. Where there was no position currently available but there was a possibility of a future job, I scheduled time to talk to someone relevant. 5. Asked what I needed to bring to interviews. I found out what the employer wanted and brought the requested materials. 6. Showed up 15 minutes early for interviews. I also  chatted politely with the receptionists whenever possible. Believe it or not, this practice can get you far! 7. Stayed positive and friendly in the interviews. I talked about things other than the job. Plus I had researched the company, so came prepared with questions I could ask about the organization and the job. 8. Wrote thank you notes. (At least when I was interested in the job!) If 2 people interviewed me, I wrote 2 thank you notes, each with its own unique message. 9. Clarified my priorities for myself. I got clear that having a part-time job with flexibility, in an open and friendly environment, was what I wanted. These attributes were more important for me than the pay rate or even growth opportunities. The more I got clear about what I wanted, the closer I got to getting it. 10. Stayed active! I searched for or applied for jobs every day, while also taking care of my body by exercising every day. I sent out at least 2 job applications per week, whether I found the perfect opportunity or not. In my spare time, I volunteered to help a woman with disabilities to write a book. I took a transcription job that kept a little bit of money flowing in. And I started my own business, which got me out in the community and on the internet networking. I was never sitting around wondering what to do on any given day. Remember, action breeds action! Doing  something –  anything – keeps you engaged in your life and work. You never know what will come out of the relationships you form. How Effective Are These Job Search Tips? What did I get out of all of this? Several interviews, and ultimately a 25% time job at the University of Wisconsin Law School, Office of Career Services. Its was a perfect fit as I ramped up my own business. All these job search tips worked for me.  What has worked for you?

Left Bundle Dranch Blockade and Atrial Fibrillation Essay

Left Bundle Dranch Blockade and Atrial Fibrillation - Essay Example In this paper, a case study of an older patient diagnosed with Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and fast Atrial Fibrillation (AF) after a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) will be discussed, including the assessment, pathophysiology, treatment and management. Atrial fibrillation (AF) may result after a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) especially in older adults as a consequence of hypercoagulability and proinflammatory states associated with anaesthesia and surgical trauma, hyperadrenergic state related to perioperative stress, hypoxia, and hypovolemia leading to increased myocardial oxygen demand. Specifically, tachycardia as the heart’s compensatory mechanism to supply the systemic circulation leads to subsequent arrhythmias. In addition to AF, Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) also occurs as an associated condition in older adults above 75 years old due to vascular incompetency and stasis. Usually, people with AF experience palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, fatigue and other cardiovascular and pulmonary manifestations. However, the most important danger posed by LBBB and AF is the hemodynamic stagnation which promotes the thrombus formation and decreased cardiac output. The patient is an 83-year-old gentleman who had undergone a total knee replacement on August 16, 2011. His past medical history was significant for hypertension and arthritis. He reported to have past medical history of atrial fibrillation. ... He reported to have past medical history of atrial fibrillation. On the other hand, he stated independence on performing most of his activities of daily living including household chores without difficulties. He claimed not having episodes of orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He was able to walk half a mile before becoming short of breath. Impaired with worsening arthritis, the involved knee caused immobility problems and extremely debilitating pain that occurred usually after an exertion. In a short walk, the patient’s knee was traumatically injured that prompted surgical intervention. The patient qualified for the operation after the panel of pre operative assessment was carried out. However, the patient manifested shortness of breath and chest pain two days after the operation. He was then transferred to an orthopaedic centre to manage the acuteness of the symptoms. Also, the patient was connected to a cardiac monitor and an electrocardiographic reading was taken. He was initially given Bisoprolol 2.5 mg but the condition showed no improvement. At that same night, the patient was transferred to Critical Care Unit of Royal Sussex County Hospital where blood studies were run through. His final diagnosis is Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and fast Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Assessment Cardiac complications resulting from surgery are the result of an intricate and dynamic relationship among patient- related risk factors including the patient’s functional capacity, procedure-related risk factors, and the circumstances surrounding the operation. Preoperative patient evaluation begins with obtaining a detailed history and physical examination (Fleisher et al. 165). After the total knee

Experiecing art in person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Experiecing art in person - Essay Example Event title: Release Your Plans by Daniel Sprick, United States, 2001. Event Location: Denver Art Museum Event Date and Time: July 27 2012, at 10 a.m. Event Performers: Daniel Sprick Brief Description of event: This is an event that took place in the Denver Art Museum, entailing the presentation and discussion of the artwork, â€Å"Release Your Plans†, which was created by Daniel Sprick3. During the event, the students and other interested parties sat and observed the painting. This was followed by a presentation by Daniel Sprick, where he discussed the background of the painting, what motivated the creation of the painting, its essence and relevance as an artwork, as well as the discussion and demonstration of the different components that makes up the painting. The audience was then allowed an opportunity to ask questions to the presenter, who then answered them. After the presentation, the event was finally closed. The form/structure of the art The piece of art, â€Å"Rele ase Your Plans†, which was created by Daniel Sprick, is located in the 7th floor of the Denver Art Museum. ... However, there are several components that are conspicuously available. First, the most eye-catching aspect of the painting is that, while its name is simply â€Å"Release Your Plans†, there is another full message written on a different piece paper which is then hang behind the easel of the painting, with a full message, â€Å"Listen to your destiny, and when it calls, release your plans† 3. The other conspicuous component of the painting is the human skull, which has some pins in its eyes, and a mirror placed on a stand, which reflects the outside of the room, and it shows that the outside is more beautiful than the inside of the room. The painting also has a litter of kitchen trash, which includes some broken egg shell, a knife, broken pieces of bottles, as well as some cans, which are particularly displayed as very old2. Broken pieces of glasses are also shown on the floor of the room, which seems to be a kitchen. The other components of the painting are floating ob jects, which include a rose flower and a plate, possibly used as the clamp for the rose. There is also a rug on the floor and a piece of cigarette that lies next to the eggshell that is already broken. The skull, the bottle and the floating objects are the placed on top of a table, which is particularly peculiar, owing to the way it is wrapped with a white cloth that appears to be larger than necessary, thus it is folded on the lower side with some strings and embedded on the main stand of the table. There are also some dead cockroaches that are placed on the table top3. The narrative intent of the art The narrative intent of the art is to depict life in its natural form, in its truthfulness and in its good and bad realities. The

Fertility decline has repercussions far beyond those of changing Essay

Fertility decline has repercussions far beyond those of changing population growth rates. Discuss - Essay Example the current situation of Iran and Saudi Arabia as it pertains to the decline, and will also contrast the situation in these countries in respect to demographic behaviour and specific repercussions. Fertility decline has repercussions far beyond those of changing population growth rates. Already clear is the increasing influence of the media in Islamic countries. This is quite obvious from role the media played in Iran’s family planning. It is due to the media’s influence that smaller families became more popular in the first place. Thus, it is quite simple to see that Muslims are becoming more focused on the media, especially as it pertains to family and social developments. Saudi Arabia is another Middle Eastern country that is situated across the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia has also experienced a recent decline in fertility, but for different reasons, and there are contrasting political, social, and economic situations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. During the seventies and early eighties, the Islamic Republic of Iran had a pro-natalist policy, meaning that it encouraged families to have larger families. In the late eighties, the Iranian cities began to be seriously overpopulated. This problem directed The Islamic Republic of Iran to take action by way of family planning in 1989, which led to a dramatic drop in fertility. Saudi Arabia has been influenced by economic hardship as well, and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has recently begun to decrease. Politically, the Saudi Arabian government has not directly influenced fertility rate in any way, however, indirect political influence is a possibility The increasing education of women in Islamic countries seems to play a large part in the fertility decline. The more educated the woman, the fewer births she is likely to have. Iran has recently begun to increase the amount of education available to women. As the amount of education rises, less births occur. In Arabia, the educational status of women has

Rehabilitation Psychology Case Study

Rehabilitation Psychology Case Study Rehabilitation Psychology Case 2: Mary Lee was only 22 years old and was involved in a serious car accident 1 year ago. She sustained multiple fractures in her spine and has become a quadriplegic (C5 level). She is now wheelchair bound and needs to live with her parents (both nearly 60 years old). She is fully dependent for all her ADL and is pondering what to do with the rest of her life. She has always been proud of her good looks before and wanted to be a movie star. Now her boyfriend has left her and she is feeling very lonely and depressed. Leung Kar Ming, Kevin Word Count: 800 words Many victims of serious car accidents survived with impaired physical functions. Hong Kong record a high number of traffic accidents with more than 20,200 casualties per year1. Traffic accident (42.1%) is the most reported cause of spinal cord injury (SCI)2. In our case, Mary Lee is one of the unfortunate victims sustaining multiple fractures in her spine. Incomplete (30.1%) and complete (20.4%) quadriplegia are the most frequent categories of persons with SCI2. Less than 1% experienced complete neurologic recovery by hospital discharge2. There are seven factors affecting patients coping with SCI: personal resources, health-related factors, social physical context, cognitive appraisal, adaptive tasks, copping skills and health-related outcomes3. I. Personal resources These include self-efficacy (SE), self-esteem, sense of coherence (SOC), spirituality, optimism, intellect and other personality characteristics3,4. These factors are associated with positive coping, and are determinants of adjustment to long term outcomes4,5. Mary was a pretty girl and dreamed of becoming a movie star. The traffic accident took away her health, good looks, relationship and became wheelchair bounded. It is essential to help Mary regain a high SE, self-esteem and SOC. II. Health-related factors More than 50% of SCI patients suffer from chronic pain which significantly affects quality of life (QOL)3,4,8,9. Patients who experience more pain tend to catastrophize more and have a decreased mental health well-being. Psychological factors helps contribute to the relationship between pain intensity and depression8,9,10. Substance abuse, especially abuse of drugs prescribed for spasticity and pain, may contribute to further health problems8. In Mary’s case, it is very important that clinicians can provide effective pain control, and build a positive relationship with Mary to aid the effectiveness of the treatments. III. Social physical context After the injury, Mary became fully dependent on her parents. Her parents, at their retirement age, have to learn to provide support and adapt to their daughter’s functional limitation. Her boyfriend has left her making her very depressed. It is important that these social and physical contexts are addressed. Social context is the relationship, support and expectations of the significant others. Physical context focuses on accessibility, mobility, autonomy, as well as the personal space and privacy of the patient3,4. Finding of positive meaning in lives involves a continuous search for comfortable relationships between self, disability and society4,6,7,10. Encouraging engagement in social activities can work as a distraction technique to increase mood levels7,8. The burden of the caregiver should not be neglected. Care-giving burden is associated with locus of control, social support, and modes of coping. Caregivers also add to the discredit of self by making the injured person entirely dependent on them. Gaining independence from the caregiver is also a key to restoring competency in persons with SCI. Interventions should be tailored towards the needs of the care recipients as well as the caregivers. IV. Cognitive appraisal Cognitive appraisal is how an individual views a situation. Appraisals have a strong association with adjustment. It is important that focus on appraisal of the cause of injury is shifted to the appraisal of having an SCI. Such individuals were found to be well-adjusted psychologically. Visible disabilities affected Mary significantly. Assistance to help her regain her self-image, develop coping skills, making the best use of her remaining bodily function and adjustments of dealing with disability is important. V. Adaptive tasks Mainly focuses on how the individual adapts to the new situation and how they prepare for an uncertain future. Individuals, like Mary, should be encouraged to be able to make decisions on choices of care, commitment to achieving individual goals and sustain independence. Such individuals with SCI are more likely to engage in positive coping strategies. VI. Coping skills Engaging strategies includes self-control, social support, accepting responsibility, problem solving and positive appraisal, resulting in an internal locus of control. Total locus of control, sense of coherence, self-worth, hope, purpose in life and positive affect were consistently associated with greater QOL. Disengaging strategies, however, should be discouraged. These include denial, wish-fulfilling fantasy, self and other blame to SCI and substance abuse. Mary needs to overcome invisible barrier to social contacts. She learns to cope with environmental factors by enhancing functions of her arms and hands and learning wheelchair skills. VII. Health-related outcomes This is mainly the effects of the coping strategies. Also focus on the reduction of stress, emotion control, self-image, self-esteem and social relationship. The use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can improve the psychosocial outcomes in individuals with SCI. The society is in high demand for clinicians to help patients to recover and resume their normal life activities. Interventions that promote coping and adjustment include: 1. physically, helping individuals on environmental adaptations, training on independent living skills and pain management; 2. psychologically, with the use of CBT and peer counseling; 3. socially, such as providing vocational rehabilitation, social engagement and family counseling. References Census and Statistics Department (2013). Hong Kong monthly digest of statistics. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (U.S.) (2009). Spinal cord injury: The facts and fiqures. Birmingham, Ala: National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC). Martz, E, Livheh, H. (Eds.). (2007). Coping with chronic illness and disability: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical aspects. New York: Springer. Chapter 6. Peter C, MÃ ¼ller R, Cieza A, Geyh S. (2012) Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review. Spinal Cord.;50(3):188-201. Review. Kilic SA, Dorstyn DS, Guiver NG. (2013) Examining factors that contribute to the process of resilience following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord..;51(7):553-7. van Leeuwen CM, Post MW, Westers P, van der Woude LH, de Groot S, Sluis T, Slootman H, Lindeman E. (2012 ) Relationships between activities, participation, personal factors, mental health, and life satisfaction in persons with spinal cord injury.Arch Phys Med Rehabil.;93(1):82-9. Simpson G, Jones K. (2013) How important is resilience among family members supporting relatives with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury? Clin Rehabil.;27(4):367-77. Chevalier Z, Kennedy P, Sherlock O.(2009) Spinal cord injury, coping and psychological adjustment: a literature review. Spinal Cord.;47(11):778-82. Review. Putzke JD, Richards JS, Hicken BL, DeVivo MJ. (2002) Predictors of life satisfaction: a spinal cord injury cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 83(4):555-61. Mehta S, Orenczuk S, Hansen KT, Aubut JA, Hitzig SL, Legassic M, Teasell RW;(2011) Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team. An evidence-based review of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosocial issues post-spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol.;56(1):15-25. Review.

The Role of Financial Managerial Accounting Function

Accounting is a major part of an organization or business, it help to provided information needed to manage and make economic decision in order to move the company or organization forward. Financial and managerial accounting work together with emphasis on the future of the company, but have different proposes that helps to enhance the organization both ways as in internal and external. The main purpose of financial accounting is to provide an external performance of the company or organization accomplishment to their stockholder, lenders, financial analysts, and creditors, tax authorities by prepare financial statement. However, it also reports past and present transactions on the balance sheet and the company’s income and cash flow statement. Managerial accounting is use to focus on providing information within the company or organization, of which includes planning and making decision for the company, it’s a manager’s job, he/she must have proficiency in the managerial accounting because it is the foundation of the company’s future, and the manager’s aim is to control the company’s operation by improving the way internal reports and external financial statement will be used in decision making within the company. In addition, Managerial accounting deal with topics such as cost behavior, profit planning, operational budgeting are all financial decision to be made to produce the external financial statements and its the managers of the managerial accounting department responsibility to have them done. To compare the two accounting system I would have to say they have similar function, they both produce reports one for external and one for internal that is use for making decision for the company. The managerial accounting deal with confidential financial reports that is used by the CEO’s within the organization or company, these reports are consist of sales forecasting, the company’s budgets analysis and comparative analysis and any type of merge or consolidation reports the company did in a day, weeks or months. In addition, these reports is generated on a timely basic such as weekly or monthly it is more flexible than financial reports, and it does not focus on general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Moreover it is use by the CEO to fore see the future of where the company is going. The financial accounting is more concern with the external aspect of the company, so when generating the reports for their stockholders, lenders, financial analysts, and others outside of the company they apply the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In addition financial account reports or focus on the past in a more historical factor of the four financial statement of which include a balance sheet, income statement, owners’ equity statement and cash flows statement, the report are generated for a set period of time such as a fiscal year to give the company a history for the hold years. In conclusion financial and managerial accounting can be said that they play a very important part in business making decision, if the rules are apply in the correct and ethical manner by the CEO’s and mangers .

Alcohol Abuse Essay

†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol It is a lipid that is highly water soluble A psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. Distribution: Ethanol is distributed equally in all body tissue according to water content. †¢ Metabolism: A healthy body can metabolize 15ml of alcohol/hour †¢ Alcohol is metabolized by the liver but 10% is excreted unchanged in the breath, sweat and the urine Metabolism of alcohol Alcohol Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde (Toxic) Alcohol Dehydrogenase H2 and Acetic Acid (Nontoxic) Alcohol Abuse †¢ A psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences. †¢ Also termed as â€Å"Alcoholism† †¢ Pattern of drinking that results in harm to one’s health, interpersonal relationships, or ability to work. Cause of Alcohol Abuse †¢ There is no known cause for alcohol abuse. †¢ The reason for alcohol abuse is complex. †¢ A. Psychodynamic Theory †¢ Attitudes and behaviors of the client †¢ Problems †¢ Stress, anxiety, depression †¢ Peer pressure. †¢ B. Biologic Theory †¢ G.enetic predisposition of the client MANIFESTATIONS OF alcohol abuse †¢ Continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed †¢ Are not able to control drinking — being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake †¢ Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking †¢ Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day. Manifestations of alcohol abuse †¢ Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are clean †¢ Try to hide alcohol use †¢ Shake in the morning or after periods when they have not a drink †¢ Poor judgment †¢ Irritable. Complications of alcohol abuse †¢ Elevated liver function test †¢ Alcoholic Hallucinosis †¢ Withdrawal symptoms such as: x Tremors x Sweating x Palpitations x Agitation †¢ Delirium tremens †¢ Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome †¢ Peripheral Neuritis †¢ Gastric ulcers Treatment for ALCOHOL ABUSE †¢ Abstinence from alcohol †¢ Medication treatment such as: †¢ Long-acting Benzodiazepams: tx of alcohol withdrawal †¢ Chlorhexidine (Librium) †¢ Diazepam (Valium) †¢ Lorazepam (Ativan) †¢ Disulfiram (Antabuse) †¢ Naltrexone (ReVia) †¢ Subject to a rehabilitation facility. Nursing Management †¢ Teach the patient the effects of chemical abuse on the body. †¢ In communicating with the patient be in a matter-of-fact and respectful manner. †¢ Maintain a positive, supportive environment. †¢ Build a therapeutic rapport with the patient by providing relief from his or her symptoms and meeting physiologic and safety needs. †¢ Present reality without challenging or escalating the patient’s anxiety and thought disturbances. †¢ Remain objective to the patient and the family. †¢ Closely monitor your patient during your shift to identify subtle changes and intervene appropriately. †¢ Assess mental status and sleep pattern, and provide emotional support to reduce anxiety.

Shark Conservation essays

Shark Conservation essays The people's battle against the terrors of the sea And the sharks' fight to survive Shark populations have been hit hard lately. It remains to be seen whether tough new conservation measures will help them recover. - Conniff - In October 1992, a surfer named Rick Gruzinsky was attacked while surfing in Oahu. Only suffered minor scratches. Two weeks later, a shark killed an 18 year old body border off the beaches of Oahu. He bled to death on the beach. Earlier in 1992, also off Oahu, a surfer disappeared leaving behind only a surf board with a huge bite mark. A few months before that, a tiger shark killed a woman by tearing off her limbs while snorkeling, off Maui. An Angry Posse Goes After The Killers - The Fight Against Or For Sharks The public's reaction to these attacks was in part predictable. Parents kept their children out of the water, and the legislature debated "tiger shark eradication," and the tourist industry was scared out of their minds. The state of Hawaii sent out a posse to dispatch any large sharks it could find in areas where the attacks were recorded. The outcry on behalf of the sharks was at least as loud as the clamor against them. The rate of attack was determined not by how many sharks you took out of the ocean, but how many people you put in it. Around 8 million people use the beaches of Hawaii each year, and only a minuscule 2.4 attacks are averaged. The annual toll of 30 or 40 deaths are by drowning. Public also took a stand on behalf of the sharks Under pressure , the state ultimately diverted much of its control money to conduct research. Mixed feelings began surfacing everywhere people live with sharks. Widespread concern that shark populations have plummeted worldwide. South Africa, for example, declared the great white shark a protected species and imposed a ban on fishing for the creatures Australia has ban...

The romantic revolution essays

The romantic revolution essays Romanticism made a greater difference to us than anything else since the Renaissance. It was a precursor to a whole new reference for thinking, and structuring society. Berlin traces the evolution of romanticism with its many levels of comprehension and implications in modern thought. He leads us through historical vicissitudes engendered by this new authenticity of ideas. He brings light to the suppositions and eventualities (conditional) that the romantics sermonized. The Romantics said the same question can have more than one answer and were the first to say the answer was not something built into the universe. Berlin gives due relevance to the fact that romanticism was responsible for bringing pluralism to the fore from the predominantly monistic views held by society. He writes in My Intellectual Path, a society in which many opinions are held, and those holding different opinions are tolerant of each other, and is better than a monolithic society in which one opinion is bindi ng on everyone (Berlin 58). The history of Western Civilization contains a long and frequently bloody and always intellectually and imaginatively very stimulating record of collisions between different versions of the world's order. But we need to recognize that fundamental to them all was a belief that there was an order to be discovered, at least in part. Berlin had noted three important conceptual changes in western culture which altogether replaced classical notions of the existence of monistic order in reality. One of the first changes was seen during the rise of stoicism where the concept of public was replaced by the inner convictions of the individual. The second was the irreconcilability between natural and moral values that politics was in fact in conflict, as Machiavelli suggested, with Christian ethics. Suddenly there was an interest in two different points of view, that of the individual and the church. Thirdly and the most revo...

Appendicitis A Medical Perspective Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Appendicitis A Medical Perspective - Case Study Example Despite the belief that appendicitis is a disease that contains minimal health risk, it may still require extensive knowledge for a better medical management of such condition. The definite source for appendicitis is never truly established. Appendix, as mentioned earlier, is an appendage of the colon with no specific function. Contrary to this point, some literature asserts that the appendix is a pouch-like portion that serves as an immune function in young adults--protecting the body against invading microorganisms (Balch 2006, 207). Such theory lends little credit as to why this area is commonly infected itself. With its hollow shape, many believe that in the process of waste disposal, fecal products may fill the space in the appendix and when trapped, disrupts its natural function (Mayo Clinic Staff 2009). The disruption causes it to swell and be pus-filled as an effort to dispel the unwanted contents. On the other hand, the source of infection may come from foreign viral invasion in the alimentary canal (Lewis 2007). Viral infection stimulates the body’s defense, prompting antibodies in the scene in order to flush out viral microorganisms. This consequently results in inflammation, hence, appendicitis. Detection of appendicitis is not as easy as it sounds. Ample knowledge and experience by the medical staff are necessary for accurate clinical diagnosis. The classic physical diagnostic parameters to determine appendicitis are the following: â€Å"pain, nausea or vomiting, sensitivity ... (on) the appendix, and fever† (Hecht 2004, 30). However, such signs and symptoms are also common among other abdominal diseases. Hence, further diagnostic measures should be employed in accurately identifying appendicitis. An article clearly illustrated several methods of assessing the pain elicited with several movements.

Analyze formation of Canada's trade policy or environmental policies Essay

Analyze formation of Canada's trade policy or environmental policies with respect to domestic political and economic forces. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages - Essay Example The main advantage of environment regulation through command-and-control intervention is political support despite its inefficient features. It has high symbolic value for public that identifies prohibition with higher efficiency than taxing pollution discharge. It favors existing industries with political leverage and acts a barrier for new firms. Most importantly it identifies it as cost effective measures that would not pose charges directly to the public. It gives discretionary powers to the bureaucracy which is politically motivated. The exemptions from strict laws are used as tools for negotiation for political gains. The major disadvantage of the command-and-control measure is that it promotes inequality and inefficiency in the garb of perceived costs. It is also a short term policy that deters new firms to be innovative in effluent discharge. From the economists’ perspectives, effluent charges would remove disparity and would act as discouragement for high discharge of pollutants by industries at large. Its results could only be seen on long term basis, hence, it is not favored by political forces. (words:

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Land Law - Essay Example If she however failed to make the necessary enquiries then she remains to be bound by the lease agreements.2 Mr. Wood claims to have a lease interest that was executed under deed. A purchaser’s legal obligations over a lease under deed are determined by legality of the deed. If the deed is legal then registration of the interest in the property is considered. In such a case, the deed must have been legally or properly constituted. The lease is legally binding under common law if Mr. Wood can prove that the deed was properly constituted.3 Otherwise, the purchaser’s obligation to to be bound by the lease will be determined under the doctrine of equity4 . Under this approach, Wood would need to prove that the agreement was in writing and was correctly registered.5 If this was the case, then the existing lease will bind Henrietta on ground of registered notices. The underlying principle of the written and registered agreement is that a purchaser of a registered property is supposed to make a search over all third party rights that are attached to the property before proceeding with the purchase. Failure to make the search and a subsequent existence of a right binds the purchase. If the lease was not registered then Henrietta is not bound by the agreement this is because unregistered interest on registered property is considered as null and void.6 Annabelle claims that she made a share contribution to the purchase of the property sold by Fred. The first factor is Henrietta’s enquiry to find out if such claim was registered.7 If the claim was not registered then it can only be enforced under equity. The case can therefore be considered based on property held under trust. Rights due to trust can be overreached if the the purchase price is paid to more than one trustee. Under such a circumstance, the purchaser is not bound by any claim of ownership by a third party, as the purchase price is sufficient under overreaching principle.8 Payment of the p urchase price to one trustee however introduces the doctrine of overriding interest in the case. For this to be applicable, Fred’s grandmother must prove that she was in occupation of the property at the time of sale. If occupation can be successfully proved then the grandmother’s right over the land binds Henrietta. However, failure to prove interest or occupation in the property at the time of sale protects Henrietta from the grandmother’s claim.9 Mohamed has warned Henrietta against carrying out constructions on a portion of the purchased land on the basis of a restrictive covenant with a former owner. Restrictive covenants are not enforceable under law and would be interpreted in line with the doctrine of equity. In order to determine the legal position of Mohamed’s claim, circumstances under which the covenant was created as well as the nature of the created rights will be evaluated. Since covenants create interest in land, the next factor to be cons idered in determining Henrietta’s liability over the covenant is registration of the right created by the covenant. If the agreement was duly registered, then Henrietta has no legal option but to honour the terms of the covenant as was created between Mohamed and the former property owner. A different scenario would however be witnessed if the covenant was not duly registered.10 Failure to meet requirements under the registration deprives Mohamed of any legal claim over the covenant. In such a case, under which restrictive coven

Chemical Reaction Essay Example for Free

Chemical Reaction Essay Chemical Reactions Lab Objectives: 1. To examine a variety of reactions including precipitation, acid-base, gas forming, and oxidation-reduction reactions. 2. To identify the products formed in these reactions and summarize the chemical changes in terms of balanced chemical equations and net ionic equations. 3. To identify the species being oxidized and reduced in oxidation-reduction reactions and determine which species is the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. Chemical equations represent what occurs in a chemical reaction. For example, the equation HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) describes an acid-base reaction, a type of exchange reaction in which the driving force is the formation of water. In an exchange reaction, the anion of one reactant changes places with the anion of the other reactant. Most exchange reactions take place in aqueous solutions. Other types of exchange reactions include precipitation and gas forming reactions. When a solution of lead (II) nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed, you observe that a precipitate is formed. What is the identity of the precipitate and what is the balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation describing this reaction? To determine the answers to these questions, you must first be able to write the CORRECT FORMULAS for the reactants and the products for this reaction. The following represents these formulas in an unbalanced chemical equation: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 + NaNO3 Which product is the precipitate? One cannot know the answer to this question without using the solubility rules (Tro text, Table 4.1, p. 136). By using this table it can be determined that PbSO4 is an insoluble salt whereas NaNO3 is soluble. Consequently, one can write the subscripts for the products indicating which product is the precipitate. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + NaNO3 (aq) Is this equation balanced? No. So, it now needs to be balanced. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq) To write the net ionic equation, the above equation should be written as a complete ionic equation and then the spectator ions (the underlined ions) are cancelled. Pb2+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) + 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) So, the net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction is: Pb2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are another important class of chemical reactions. In redox reactions electrons are transferred from one substance to another. For example, if a copper wire is placed in a solution of silver nitrate a redox reaction occurs and silver metal is formed along with copper (II) nitrate. Oxidation numbers: (0) (+1) (+2) (0) Molecular equation: Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s) (0) (+1) (+2) (0) Net ionic equation: Cu (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) The oxidation numbers for the metallic elements in this equation (See oxidation number rules, Tro text, p. 148) show us that copper metal is being oxidized while the silver ion is being reduced. Copper is therefore the reducing agent while silver nitrate is the oxidizing agent. PROCEDURE YOU NEED TO WEAR GOGGLES AT ALL TIMES WHILE PERFORMING THIS EXPERIMENT. Chemical waste can be disposed of in the waste beakers supplied in the hoods. Part I: Exchange Reactions: 1. Obtain 7 small, clean test tubes. For the purposes of this lab, the test tubes need only be clean, not totally dry. A hose connected to the air supply in the hood may be used to quickly remove most water from the test tubes. 2. Place 10 drops of 0.5 M CaCl2 into each of the 7 test tubes. 3. Next, add 10 drops of 0.5 M solutions of each of the following solutions to the indicated test tubes, and record your observations. Allow at least 5 minutes for reactions to occur before disposing your solutions. Test Tube 1 2 MgSO4 (NH4)2C2O4 3 KNO3 4 Na3PO4 5 KBr 6 NaOH 7 K2CO3 4. Dispose of the solutions and any precipitates in the waste beakers located in the hoods. Wash your test tubes with soap and water. Rinse with tap water, then deionized water. 5. Add an amount equivalent to the size of a small pea of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) to a clean test tube. Add 10-20 drops of vinegar. (Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2). Record your observations. 6. IN THE HOOD, add an amount equivalent to the size of a small pea of sodium sulfite, Na2SO3, to a test tube. Add 10-20 drops of 6 M HCl. Record your observations. 7. Put 10 drops of 0.5 M nitric acid and 10 drops of 0.5 M phosphoric acid into separate test tubes. Add 1 drop of phenolphthalein to each test tube. Add drops of dilute (0.5 M) sodium hydroxide solution into each of the test tubes until a permanent color change is observed. (NOTE: Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator that is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but pink in basic solutions). HINT: When writing your net ionic equations: nitric acid is a strong acid while phosphoric acid is a weak acid. Part II: REDOX REACTIONS: 8. Add a small piece of zinc to a test tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and record what happens. 9. Add a 1 inch piece of copper wire to a test tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and record what happens. (Is copper an active metal or inactive metal with HCl? Look up an activity series of metals online to check). 10. IN THE HOOD, take a 2 inch piece of magnesium ribbon and hold it with a pair of crucible tongs. Light the magnesium metal with a Bunsen burner and record your observations. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE BURNING MAGNESIUM. LABORATORY REPORT Students will write an individual or group laboratory report at the discretion of the professor. Include the following information in your laboratory report, due at the beginning of the laboratory period next week. 1. Title. Title of the experiment, your name, your partners name and the date the laboratory was performed. 2. Introduction. This will be your opportunity to practice writing introductions. The int roduction to the lab should be about chemical reactions in general (why they are important, examples of specific types of chemical reactions such as combustion, precipitation, redox, etc.), not about how to write and balance an equation. For complete guidelines, go to â€Å"Laboratory Reports† on the Chem 1061 website. 3. Experimental Details. A description of the procedure you followed to produce the experimental data and results. Alternatively, you may reference the procedure by citing the URL’s (web addresses). 4. Results. A table or tables of your experimental data, clearly labeled with the proper units. Remember to use subscripts and superscripts where appropriate (examples: cm3 or H2O). A neat table which includes your observations from the precipitation reactions (steps 2-3) should be included in a results section as well as any observations from the remainder of the reactions in parts I and II. 5. Discussion and Conclusion. For all the reactions observed (exchange reactions and redox), write the balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation for each reaction. For each reaction, place phase labels, [(s), (l), (g), or (aq)], after each reactant and product. In addition, for the redox reactions in part II, indicate which reactant is the oxidizing agent and which one is the reducing agent. There is no need to write equations for combinations that produced no reaction. For each reaction that you observed and for which you write equations, you may provide any additional insights that you have into the reaction (was it easy/hard to observe, interesting things to note, etc.). You will also want to correlate things learned or observed with what you discussed in the introduction about reactions in general. 6. References. Citations and references to any sources you may have used for the introduction or to perform, complete, or analyze the results of the lab. 7. Follow your instructor’s directions for submission of this lab report. If you submit by email, please attach a single file with a filename convention of Lastname Firstname Reactions and a subject line of â€Å"Chem 1061: Reactions Lab†.

Teenagers On After-school Jobs Essay -- essays research papers

Almost every teenager wants a job, yet many people are against it. I believe teenagers should have after-school jobs for a number of reasons. First, having a son or a daughter that works can financially help the parents. Also, the experience the teenager will acquire from after-school jobs will help him or her on future jobs. Finally, teenagers should have after-school jobs because it will keep them away from trouble. Parents should realize that as long as their son or daughter wants an after-school job and it does not affect his or her performance at school, they should let their child have one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Usually, families that have financial problems have their teenage children go to work. Having an extra family member bringing money into the house will increase a f...

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The people known as the Aztecs (who referred to themselves as the Mexica or Tenocha) originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in North or North west Mexico. Sometime in the 12th century they embarked on a period of wander- ing and in the 13th century settled in the valley of central Mexico. About 1345 they founded the town of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs of Tenochtitlan ruled by Montezuma II became the greatest power in Mexico. The city of Tenochtitlan formed an alliance with the neighboring cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan but later became the dominant partner and gained total control of the entire valley.Conquering city after city, Moctezuma and his warrior empire took food, luxury goods, exotic raw materials and war captives. The prisoners of war were saved for sacrifices to the gods. Embarking on a journey of his own in search of gold, General Hernando Cortes lead his group of Spanish troops into the path of the powerful Moctezuma monarchy. After meeting face to face, both men seemingly viewed the other with mutual respect after a friendly exchange of greetings. Trust was not to be gained quite as easily as each leader kept their warriors on constant alert.Even after General Cortes and his troops were settled into luxurious apartments and given a sumptuous meal, they remained very cautious. By placing their cannon into position and readying the cavalry and infantry, they could be ready in a moment s notice. Moctezuma remained alert as well, and had even gone so far as to have his secret room of riches and treasures cemented. He was still uncertain as to whether Cortes was god or man, friend or foe. There is no doubt that the Spaniards viewed Montezuma as mighty, great and wise.I m certain they were astonished and awed over his great fortune, works of gold, jewels, magnificent arts, architecture, and the like. He was definitely not lacking in pomp and splendor. Everything Montezuma owned was excessive and everything he did was carried to the extreme. He su rrounded himself with guards, servants and beautiful women. Great respect was shown to him even though all of his empire did not think he was deserving of it. Cortes and his men surely did not agree with Moctezuma s political ways.He controlled conquered people and his empire was held together by mere force rather than loyalty. The state controlled every aspect of life. Of course, Cortes himself was a conqueror, but his people were not controlled and forced as the Aztecs were. Many of the Aztec people looked upon the Spaniards with curiosity. They did not know how to judge these strange people. Some thought Cortes to be the legendary ruler Quetzalcoatl, whose return to earth had been prophesied. In fact, that may be the only reason Cortes was not met with stronger initial opposition.The Aztecs also resented the kindness and favors their king bestowed upon the general and his men. The Spaniards had freedom that they did not, so I m sure that they viewed them with envy. If they had sp oken out against their king, it would have meant instant death. Other people of the Aztec empire saw the Spaniards as powerful allies against Moctezuma and his imposed rule. Many of the Amerindian people had already began to form allies with Cortes on his way into the capital city of Tenochtitlan. In Aztec Mexico, religion was ever present.The Aztecs worshipped a multitude of gods, each of whom demanded offerings and sacrifices. They considered themselves the chosen people of Huitzilopochtli, the sun and war god, in whose name they were destined to conquer all rival nations. Huitzilopochtli occupied the main temple at Tenochtitlan. He was worshipped daily with offerings of human blood and fresh throbbing hearts, torn from the bodies of sacrificial victims. It was during a tour of the temple that General Cortes tried to convey to Moctezuma that he was being deluded by his idols of evil.Cortes request to erect an image of the Virgin Mary was angrily denied. The Europeans very much bel ieved in the Christian religion and were totally appalled by the Aztec customs. They earnestly wanted permission to build a church there and introduce Christianity. After days of watching the Aztec people build an almost humanlike statue of their sun and war god, the Spanish troops were provoked into an attack. Their mission all along was to invade and assault the Aztec empire, but it was momentarily put on hold when Moctezuma welcomed them.The Spaniards chose to capture Moctezuma and attack the Aztecs during their annual festival of worship and sacrifice to their gods. This festival was equivalent to the Christian version of the Easter holiday. The Spaniards caught the Aztecs off guard and immediately slaughtered many warriors, but the Aztecs quickly revolted against the invaders and killed 53 Spanish prisoners for sacrifice. Moctezuma was killed in the uprising. Cortes, with new troops from Cuba, along with the aid of thousands of Indian allies, finally conquered the Aztec in 1521 .Legend would have us believe that Hernando Cortes was totally ruthless and did nothing but conquer, rape and plunder (rather than trade), but eye witness accounts of the Aztec conquest are few. Some say the conquest was a bloody massacre, others say it was a glorious conquest. Seemingly during that era of time, it was every man for himself. Personally, I do not think Cortes had much of a choice once he was inside the empire because Moctezuma would have inevitably come after him. He could have chosen not to go but, at that time it was take or be taken.Their is no easy way to wage war and under the circumstances Cortes probably did just as other warriors before him had done. The Aztec empire collapsed almost instantly after the conquest. The warriors and noblemen who were not killed immediately died later from rampant smallpox and other diseases. The conquest of the Aztecs marked a significant period for the Spanish. It opened new doors by broadening economic and political gain. In s hort, the European expansion paved the way for a new age, a new beginning, and a major turning point in history.

Child development Essay

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED? Body Changes 1. The study of human development is a science because it depends on theories, data, analysis, critical thinking, and sound methodology just like every other science. 2. The five steps of the scientific method are: 1) begin with curiosity 2) develop a hypothesis 3) test the hypothesis 4) draw conclusions 5) report the results. 3. The research on SIDS illustrates the replication and application of the science of child development by repeating the study and using different participants from other cultures. 4. Known: – birth order did not matter – other factors can increase the risk -sleeping position mattered -back sleeping reduced SIDS Unknown: – if its genetics. – why it still occurs 5. Nature refers to the influence of the genes that people inherit. Nurture refers to environmental influences, beginning with the health and diet of the embryo’s mother and continuing lifelong, including family, school, culture, and society. Brain Development 6. 7. Exaggeration of human sex differences is distortions that develop mentalists seek to avoid. People tend to notice differences and jump to conclusion that something important is lacking. 8. 9. 10. People from several groups can share a culture because it is a system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, expectations and symbolic representations that persist over time; it is a powerful social construction. 11. The term race has been used to categorize people on the basis of physical differences, particularly outward appearance. The term ethnic groups are people whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture, and religion. 12. SES reflects family income, but not income alone. The education and occupation of the head of the household, or of both parents, and sometimes the average education or income of the other residents of the neighborhood, also used to determine SES. Improved Motor Skills 13. 14. 15. The implied view of human development is an ongoing, ever changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influence. The crucial understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many systems of development. Injuries and Abuse 16. It is more accurate to consider the system of development rather than each part in isolation because just like the way the natural world changes over time, the human growth follows diverse patterns and paces. 17. Bronfenbrenner emphasize in his ecological systems approach that develop mentalists must consider all the systems that surround each person, just as a naturalist examines the ecology of each organism, considering the interrelationships between it and its environment. 18. All persons born within a few years of one another are said to be the same cohort. Members of each cohort are affected by the values, events, technologies, and culture of their era. 19. The biosocial development includes all the growth and change that occur in a person’s body and the genetic, nutritional, and health  factors that affect that growth and change. The cognitive development includes all the mental processes that a person uses to obtain knowledge or to think about the environment. The psychosocial development includes development of emotions, temperament, and social skills. 20. Scientific observation requires researchers to record behavior systematically and objectively, using behavioral definitions and timed data. The experiment is the research method that scientists use to establish cause. 21. Experimenters use a control group as well as an experimental group to find out whether an independent variable affects the dependent variable. 22. Using independent and dependent variables make it easier to learn what causes what because the researcher can conclude how the independent variable caused whatever changes occurred in the dependent variable. 23. 24. 25.

Free Essays on Brown vrs Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decided on May 17, 1954, was one of the most important cases in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court. Linda Brown had been denied admission to an elementary school in Topeka because she was black. Brought together under the Brown designation were companion cases from South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware, all of which involved the same basic question: Does the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment prohibit racial segregation in the public schools? It was not until the late 1940's that the Court began to insist on equality of treatment, but it did not squarely face the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine until it decided the Brown case. In a brief, unanimous opinion delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court declared that: "separate education facilities are inherently unequal" and that racial segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In a moving passage, the chief justice argued that separating children in the schools solely on racial grounds "generates a felling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone." Although the decision did not bring about total integration of blacks in the schools, it resulted in efforts by many school systems to remove the imbalance by busing students. The Court's decision had far reaching effects, influencing civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement of t he 1960's.... Free Essays on Brown vrs Board of Education Free Essays on Brown vrs Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decided on May 17, 1954, was one of the most important cases in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court. Linda Brown had been denied admission to an elementary school in Topeka because she was black. Brought together under the Brown designation were companion cases from South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware, all of which involved the same basic question: Does the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment prohibit racial segregation in the public schools? It was not until the late 1940's that the Court began to insist on equality of treatment, but it did not squarely face the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine until it decided the Brown case. In a brief, unanimous opinion delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court declared that: "separate education facilities are inherently unequal" and that racial segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In a moving passage, the chief justice argued that separating children in the schools solely on racial grounds "generates a felling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone." Although the decision did not bring about total integration of blacks in the schools, it resulted in efforts by many school systems to remove the imbalance by busing students. The Court's decision had far reaching effects, influencing civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement of t he 1960's....

buy custom Malignant Hypertension essay

buy custom Malignant Hypertension essay Introduction Various forms of hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, or simply HBP, are today experiences across all nations around the globe. Some hypertensions are mild while other are fatal and can cause death as a result of stroke, body organs failures or congestion of blood in the body vessels. Definition of Malignant Hypertension This is a type of high blood pressure that attacks an individual suddenly and acutely. In malignant hypertension, the lower blood pressure (diastolic) reading is usually as high as above 150 mmHg and the systolic level goes beyond 200 mmHg. Malignant hypertension is also called arteriolar nephrosclerosis or accelerated hypertension. It is a syndrome characterized by severe hypertension due to sudden increase in the baseline blood pressure (BP). It usually affects the central nervous system (CNS), the renal system and the cardiovascular system, and results into permanent damage to affected body organs. Occurrence of malignant hypertension also results into destruction of the red blood cells as they flow vessels blocked by fibrin deposition (Gudbrandsson, 1981). This sudden increase in blood pressure often becomes a threat to the life of the patient. Causes of Malignant Hypertension Malignant hypertension is common in persons with history of high blood pressure, especially children and young adults. It may also occur in people with collagen vascular disorders, kidney problems and pregnant women suffering from toxemia or complications of pregnancy. The risk of attack increases in persons who have once suffered from kidney failure and renal hypertension as a result of renal artery stenosis. It is believed that malignant hypertension may be caused by monoamine oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) and some oral contraceptives used in birth control (Hilme, 1993). Symptoms Different patients show different symptoms for malignant hypertension. However, the major symptoms include blurred vision, body fatigue insomnia, restlessness, unconsciousness and various changes in mental status such as angst, confusion and lack of proper concentration. Some patients may also suffer from chest pains, mild coughs, severe headaches and nausea. In cases where the kidney is affected, reduction in urination is experienced. Similarly, there may be attack of certain body organs such as the kidney. Some people have been reported to have difficulties in breathing and general body weakness, especially at the legs and arms. Diagnosis and Examination Malignant hypertension is an emergency attack. Diagnosis of malignant hypertension thus includes physical examinations such as determination of blood pressure, identification of body swellings especially in the lower feet, assessing the presence of fluid in the lungs and any abnormal heartbeat rates. According to Lip and Nadar, malignant hypertension usually affects the functionality of the brain and thus the physician must verify any symptom of change in thinking, reflexes, and/or sensation (Lip Nadar, 2009). Through medical observations and examination of the patients eyes, it is possible to identify presence of retinal bleeding, optic nerve swelling as well as possibility of narrowed blood vessels. These indicate presence of high blood pressure. When a patient is attacked by malignant hypertension, he or she is likely to develop kidney failure. The physician can thus perform Urinalysis or Blood Urine Nitrogen (BUN) tests to identify possible damages to the kidneys. Additionally, an X-Ray of the chest may be carried out to examine if the lungs and the heart are affected. Treatment Due to its severity, malignant hypertension requires urgent assessment and treatment. A patient may be required to be hospitalized for a period of more than one month until the high blood pressure is put under control. During treatment and medication, drugs that regulate high blood pressure are usually administered through the veins, for example, Nitroprusside Dilator and Fenoldopam which increase blood in the renal vessels. Kaplan and Victor suggest that in case fluids are found in the lungss, then diuretics are performed. Diuretics help the body in removing excess fluids form the lungs (Kaplan Victor, 2009). Moreover, it is recommended that patients should use drugs that protect the heart from further destruction if damages to the heart were diagnosed. Drugs that help to stop internal bleeding of the retinas are also given to the patient. The choice of drugs used in treatment of malignant hypertension varies depending on the health status of the patients, severity of attack, lack of difficulty in administration and possibility of development of side effects. Prognosis of Malignant Hypertension Malignant hypertension exposes various body systems at increased risks due to increased blood pressure. Certain vital organs of the body such as the kidneys, heart and brain may be destroyed. Malignant hypertension also puts the eyes and blood vessels at risks. In extreme cases, permanent kidney failure may occur, a condition which may force the patient to undergo dialysis. Hilme warns that malignant hypertension requires early diagnosis and treatment to reduce such life-threatening complications (Hilme, 1993). Possible Complications of Malignant Hypertension The major complications observed in many patients of malignant hypertension are damages to the brain and the heart, kidney failure and pulmonary edema, that is, presence of fluids in the lungs. The patient may experience angina. Gudbrandsson defines angina as chest pain that result from narrowed blood vessel. Retinal destruction may also lead to permanent blindness (Gudbrandsson, 1981). Conclusion It is important to seek medical attention whenever a patient experiences sudden increase in blood pressure or shows symptoms of malignant hypertension. Appropriate action should be taken to save the patient from this deadly disease.It is advisable for people to practice healthy lifestyles such doing exercises regularly, taking healthy diets with low levels of salt, fat and cholesterols, and taking medications that monitor ones blood pressure. Buy custom Malignant Hypertension essay