Molarity and Percent Solution Lab Essay Example for Free

Molarity and Percent Solution Lab Essay Objective: The objective of this lab was to determine the molarity and percent solution of a solution with an unknown concentration. Background: Molarity is the number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution. Percent solution is the percentage of a solute in a specific mass or volume of a solvent. A solute is a solid that gets dissolved in a solvent or a liquid that is a smaller amount than the solvent. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves the solute and it always is a larger amount. Solvation is when solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules. A lab technique that was used during the lab was to boil the solution in order to separate the solute from the solvent. Materials List: 10mL graduated cylinder Solution with unknown concentration Hot plate Pipette Hot grip Scale 100mL beaker Procedure: 1. Obtain the solution with the unknown concentration from Mrs. Magdaleno. 2. Measure the volume of the solution by pouring it in the 10mL graduated cylinder. Use the pipette to take out solution in the graduated cylinder until the volume was at 6mL. Record it in the data table. 3. Measure the empty 100mL beaker using the scale. Record it in the data table. 4. Pour the solution in the 100mL beaker. 5. Find the mass of the beaker and solution using the scale. Make sure to subtract original beaker mass from the mass of the beaker and solution. 6. Boil the solution to separate the solute from the solvent by using the hot plate set to nine. 7. Once all the water has evaporated use the hot grips to remove the beaker from the hot plate and let cool. Find the mass of the beaker and solute using the scale. Make sure to subtract beaker mass from the beaker and solute mass. 8. Use the data from the data table to solve for molarity and percent solution. Observations: The water started to boil and evaporate when it was on the hot plate. It smelt like the salt was burning. Some salt spilled out on the lab station when the water completely evaporated. Data Table: |Volume of solution (L) |6mL=0.006L | |Mass of beaker (g) |68.95g | |Mass of solution and beaker(g) |75.06g | |Mass of solution(g) |6.12g | |Mass of solute and beaker(g) |69.41g | |Mass of solute(g) |0.46g | Results: A: Molarity B: Percent Solution Conclusion: The molarity that was calculated for the unknown solution was 1.31M. The percent solution that was calculated for the unknown solution was 7.52%. A procedural that would have led to a lower concentration value was when some salt spilled out onto the lab station after all of the water had evaporated from the beaker. Another error that would result in a higher concentration would be if the beaker was not dry when the mass was measured with the scale. Something that could be done differently to lead to a more accurate concentration would be to take the beaker off the hot plate sooner and not let the salt sit and burn or come out of the beaker.

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Essays

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye Dear Holden, Hi mate, what’s gone wrong with you? I can’t believe this has happened to you. You were fine when I left, after Allie dying and all. You know when I last saw you I was with Rachel (The English Actress). Well I proposed to her and she said yes. I am organising our honeymoon and the wedding so I am a bit tied up at the moment. So that is why I am writing a letter and not coming down to see you in person. In your previous letter, on a few occasions, you seemed to talk as if you were a different person. I wanna give you some advice. It will be easier if I tell you how I would have acted, or how you should have acted, just to help you. I remember you told me about that guy, Stradlater, and he was going on a date with Jane. He asked you to do an essay for him. I wouldn’t have done it for him; you have got your own life, try living it brother. Why didn’t you tell him you didn’t want to do it for him? If he was an alright guy he would have stayed at the school and written it himself. He was walking all over you and he only did it because you did not have anything better to do, because you were getting kicked out of Pencey in a few days. The thing with you is that you just can’t help yourself. Stradlater started talking for ages about Jane Gallagher and his date with her and you were stunned by this information. So when you stopped talking he just asked you. â€Å"Will you do it for me then?† and you gave in to him. It didn’t take any persuasion. Nothing. Later on in your letter, you talked about meeting this pimp, Maurice, in a lift. He asked you if you wanted to have some fun that night. Why? Why did you say yes? You don’t have to have a prostitute to have a good time. They are for sick, old perverts, not a sixteen-year-old, Holden. When the girl turned up, you should have just given her the money and made her leave. You didn’t even have to talk to her. She had her own life and she either wanted to have sex or go back to sleep. When that pimp came back because you didn’t give the girl enough money you should have just given the money to him. In your description he sounded huge, so I would have given him it.

My School Essay

School is a temple of learning and a training ground for future citizens. The name of my school is Penang Chinese Girls High School. It was set up in 19-an by a land-lord in our area. He donated land and money for the school. The atmosphere in which our school is situated is very pleasant. It is surrounded by a big field on one side and a small garden with flowers on the other. The school has three rows of big buildings. The name of the school is written on the front building. There are many classrooms in the front building. Other rooms in the back building are used for different purposes such as the Head Master’s Office, Library, the Clerk’s Office, the Science Laboratory, the Teachers’ Common-room, the N. C. C. and etc. There are 80 teacher, a specific teacher for librarians, a clerk and several peons in our school. All the teachers are qualified and experienced. The Head Master is a learned woman,she solved problems of the pupils efficiently. The total number of students of our school is about 20thousand hundred. We go to school in uniform,our school consisits of girls only,therefore girls wear blue skirt and white blouse. The school functions from for 2 sessions. During the recess hour we go to the canteen to relax and savour some mouth-watering food. Some students also go to library and read newspaper there. In games period we play badminton, volley ball, etc. Girl students play ring ball too. The library of our school is a medium one. There are about two thousand books on different subjects; we did not have a library period in our weekly routine,so we borrow books from our library and refund them after a week in our free time. We observe the Republic Day, the Independence Day, the Teacher’s Day in our school. We also hold debate competitions and games and sports every year. The school magazine is published every year. In annual examinations the students from our school show brilliant performance. Many students from this school have occupied glorious position in our state. Our school always holds book fair for students to have a chance to explore the advantages of reading. This year a classical teacher from our school retired formally. The discipline, the study atmosphere and the brilliant academic result of our school attract many meritorious students from distant parts of our state. It is an ideal school in all respects.

Management Bank of Ghana Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1338 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 5.1 Conclusion The strength and health of a banking system is a prerequisite for sustainable economic growth and development. Banks in Ghana have been undergoing major challenges in the dynamic operating environment over the past decade. Basically, to withstand negative shocks and maintain financial stability, it is important to identify the determinants that mostly influence the overall performance of banks in Ghana. The fundamental objective of this research was to identify the core determinants of profitability in the Ghanaian banking industry, despite the fact that global financial crisis continues to adversely affect banks performances, the world over. The scope of this study covered a random sampling, in which sixteen (16) banks were selected out of a total of 27, covering a period through 2004 to 2013. Based on series of tests conducted, the author made use of the random effect model to study both bank-specific/controlled variables( EQTA, LOTA, NIGI LPT A) and external/un-controlled variables(MPR INF), as this method revealed the more accurate compared to fixed effect result. The fact that performances in banks and other financial institutions are measured in various ways, the author used both ROA and ROE as dependent variables to ascertain the impact these selected variables would create on them. Result for ROA shows that both EQTA MPR has a statistical highly significance effect on performances of these banks. This shows that banks with higher capital structure can absorb losses and are capable of withstanding any probable future shocks in Ghana. Therefore, the introduction of a new capital adequacy requirement by the Bank of Ghana was a smart move that could not only help banks to be sustainable, but also helping to contribute to stable economic growth. Also, the monetary policy rate (MPR) which determines the industry lending rate was also major contributing factor towards profitability in the Ghanaian banking industry. Th e higher this rate, the more profits banks were able to make, as they can easily factor it into their lending rate to the private sector, thus transferring the costs to customers. LPTA and INF were also highly significant to ROA, but affected it negatively. The more provision a bank makes the lower the profit it will realize at the end of the accounting period. This shows that asset quality was poor which accounted for huge accumulation of unpaid debt during the period that ended up soaring profits in these banks. Inflation also affected profitability negatively. It shows that inflation was never fully anticipated by banks managers and executives. These results are in line with our theory and expectations. However, both LOTA and NIGI were insignificant to banking performances in Ghana. Despite the fact that they had a positive correlation with ROA, both were statistically insignificant. For loans to asset variable, it might represent that because loan loss provision adversely aff ected ROA, most of those loans and advances were never repaid by customers. It is rational that the higher the loan portfolio, the higher the income obtained from it; however, it should also be noted that only quality loans will generate more income. In short, as a result of the competitive credit market condition and the successive cuts in interest rate, the interest spread which is a major determinant of profitability, becomes narrower. Similarly, result for ROE shows that EQTA, LPTA and MPR were highly statistically significant towards the performance of banks in the Ghanaian industry. This is consistent with the result obtained for ROA. However, the only difference is that EQTA affected ROE adversely. The reason for this underscored the difference highlighted in the theoretical review, whereas ROE measures how efficient management is towards managing it total resources, ROE measures how efficient management has been with shareholders equity. The negative correlation of this v ariable with ROE is because as capital adequacy is increased, the earning power of each cedi (Ghanaian currency) invested by shareholders in the business is reduced. LOTA has a negative correlation with ROE which is quite expected because the calculation of equity excludes liabilities from it. However, this variable is statistically insignificant towards ROE. NIGI and INF are quite insignificant towards ROE. 5.2 Recommendations Based on the findings of this research paper, the following recommendations are made to both bank managers/ management and policy authorities (Bank of Ghana): 5.2.1 To the bank managers/ management Bank managers/management must ensure that effective monitoring of loans and advances disbursement process must not be circumvented to aid statistical reporting. As the result revealed that higher loans does not necessarily transform to profit. In as much as loans represent the fundamental source of income in banks, therefore the need to establish and ad here to strict prudential guidelines in the administration of credit cannot be over emphasized. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s banking, focus should be shifted towards credit risk management and so, effective and active credit risk department/ personnel are required to achieve this goal. Also, the audit department should also aid in this process by ensuring that adequate checks and balances are observed. This includes ensuring adequate know-your-customer (KYC) is obtained and documented and reviewed regularly, monitoring the disbursement of loans (both on-site and off-site). If these measures are implemented, then asset quality will definitely lead to profitability, thus reducing the adverse impact of making more provisions for bad debts. A fundamental approach to any profit oriented venture is the use of SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity threats) analysis. Outside the primary source of income which is from loans and advances are incomes gotten from fees and commissions. They r epresent a minute but huge alternative source of generating profits. From the result, one of the weaknesses of the banks is the inability to effectively take advantage of their expansion and innovations into profits. Innovations and expansions are cost oriented ventures which can be neutralized by greater income generation, not necessarily from loans and advances. Bank managers should look at this weakness and take advantage of the opportunity that comes with it. Ensuring that all possible commissions are collected by the bank, whether manually by designated bank officials or through the system. This might represent a significant income leakages in both the system and manually. Therefore, it is recommended that regular income leakages and other checks are conducted so as to adequately capture all incomes due to the bank. Inflation in itself is not as bad as it seems, depending on whether the level of increase in anticipated or not. If anticipated and are correctly factored into p rofits, then the cost of increase will be avoided and controlled. However, from the result obtained above, we noted that for ROA, inflation adversely affected performance of banks in Ghana, significantly. This shows that the level of increase was never anticipated. And the cost that comes with it practically reduced the real value of banking profits. The authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recommendation is that bank managers/ management must ensure to reasonably forecast future inflation so that it can be anticipated and the cost of it will be minimized. Also, capital adequacy as stipulated by the Bank of Ghana must be adhered to by all banks. The reason being that, based on the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s findings, this variable had a major contribution towards profits in the industry. This shows that it can help to foster not only financial stability and economic growth but also can absorbed unexpected shocks which might happen in the future. 5.2.2 To the monetary authority (Bank of Gh ana) Bank capitalization should be encouraged so that bank performance can be enhanced. Banks should endeavor to retain earnings to boost up capital rather than paying exorbitant bonuses. A well capitalized banking system will ensure financial stability and make the industry more resilient against external shocks and risk. This is because well capitalized banks have lower financial risk and thus are more likely to survive financial crisis. The study of Flamini et al. (2009) on the determinants of bank profitability, gives some support to a policy of imposing higher capital requirements in the Sub-Saharan region in order to strengthen financial stability. In line with this, the recapitalization requirement by the Bank of Ghana is appropriate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management Bank of Ghana Example For Free" essay for you Create order